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The Economic Argument for Hepatitis B Treatment Simplification and Expansion
Summary One component of decisions regarding hepatitis B virus (HBV) treatment simplification and expansion is the economic perspective. Literature was reviewed for studies which provide estimates for the economic impact of simplifying and expanding treatment…
Hepatitis C Screening in Lithuania: First-Year Results and Scenarios for Achieving WHO Elimination Targets
Summary The World Health Organization (WHO) has outlined a set of targets to achieve eliminating hepatitis C by 2030. In May 2022, Lithuanian health authorities initiated a hepatitis C virus (HCV) screening program to start…
Global Prevalence, Cascade of Care, and Prophylaxis Coverage of Hepatitis B in 2022: A Modelling Study
Summary The 2016 World Health Assembly endorsed the elimination of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection as a public health threat by 2030; existing therapies and prophylaxis measures make such elimination feasible, even in the absence…
Adjusted Estimate of the Prevalence of Hepatitis Delta Virus in 25 Countries and Territories
Summary There is a great deal of uncertainty surrounding the prevalence of hepatitis delta virus among people living with hepatitis B virus at the population level. In this study, we aimed to better understand the…
The Impact of Immigration on Hepatitis B Burden in the United States: A Modelling Study
Summary The 2016 World Health Assembly endorsed the elimination of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections by 2030. However, the HBV prevalence in Western countries, where the historical prevalence is low and highly impacted by immigration…
Cost-Effectiveness of Treating All Hepatitis B–Positive Individuals in the United States
Summary Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a leading cause of liver disease and related mortality globally. However, most of the infected individuals in the United States remain undiagnosed and untreated. There is a…
The Current and Future Burden of Hepatitis B in Switzerland: A Modelling Study
Summary Chronic hepatitis B infection (defined as sustained detection of hepatitis B virus surface antigen protein in serum) is a leading cause of cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and liver-related deaths. A situation analysis carried out by…
Evidence for Benefits of Early Treatment Initiation for Chronic Hepatitis B
Summary Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is the most common cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) worldwide. Antiviral treatment reduces the risk of HCC and mortality; nonetheless, globally in 2019, only 2.2% of CHB patients received treatment….
Impacts of the Egyptian National Screening and Treatment Programme for Viral Hepatitis C: A Cost-Effectiveness Model
Summary Egypt used to have one of the highest prevalences of HCV infection worldwide. The Egyptian Ministry of Health launched a national campaign for the detection and management of HCV to reduce its burden. This…
The Payer License Agreement, or “Netflix Model,” for Hepatitis C Virus Therapies Enables Universal Treatment Access, Lowers Costs and Incentivizes Innovation and Competition
Summary High unit prices of treatments limit access. For epidemics like that of hepatitis C virus (HCV), reduced treatment access increases prevalence and incidence, making the infectious disease increasingly difficult to manage. The objective of…
Cost-Effectiveness and Economic Investment to Eliminate Chronic Hepatitis C in Mexico
Summary In July 2020, the Mexican Government initiated the National Program for Elimination of Hepatitis C (HCV) under a procurement agreement, securing universal, free access to HCV screening, diagnosis and treatment for 2020–2022. This analysis…
Now Is the Time to Scale Up Birth-Dose Hepatitis B Vaccine in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Summary Fewer than half of the world’s infants have access to the birth dose of hepatitis B vaccine (HBV), which prevents mother-to-child transmission of HBV and subsequent liver cancer. Now is the time to expand…
Hepatitis C Prevalence and Elimination Planning in Pakistan, a Bottom-Up Approach Accounting for Provincial Variation
Summary In Pakistan, substantial changes to hepatitis C virus (HCV) programming and treatment have occurred since the 2008 nationwide serosurvey estimated a 4.8% anti-HCV prevalence. In the absence of an updated national study, this analysis…
Cost-Effectiveness Modelling of Birth and Infant Dose Vaccination Against Hepatitis B Virus in Ontario from 2020 to 2050
Summary The World Health Organization recommends universal birth dose vaccination for hepatitis B virus (HBV), yet only 3 provinces and territories in Canada provide birth dose vaccination, and Canadian-born children in Ontario are acquiring HBV…
Viral Hepatitis Elimination Challenges in Low- and Middle-Income Countries—Uzbekistan Hepatitis Elimination Program (UHEP)
Summary Chronic infection with hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV & HCV) is a major contributor to liver disease and liver-related mortality in Uzbekistan. There is a need to demonstrate the feasibility of large-scale simplified…
Modeling HCV Elimination Recovery Following the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States: Pathways to Regain Progress
Summary As of 2019, the United States (US) was not on track to achieve targets for elimination, due to increasing incidence and treatment barriers. In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic disrupted HCV services globally and in…
An Open Letter to Gavi: Hepatitis B Birth Dose Vaccine Can’t Wait
Summary Each year over a quarter of a million children acquire chronic hepatitis B at birth. Tens of thousands will go on to lose their lives prematurely from liver cancer or other forms of liver…
Securing Wider EU Commitment to the Elimination of Hepatitis C Virus
Summary In 2016, the Hepatitis B and C Public Policy Association (HepBCPPA), gathered all the main stakeholders in the field of hepatitis C virus (HCV) to launch the now landmark HCV Elimination Manifesto, calling for…
Modelling the Microelimination of Chronic Hepatitis C in the Canton of Bern, Switzerland: Reaching the Swiss Hepatitis Strategy Goals Despite the Impact of the COVID 19 Pandemic
Summary Since 2014, the Swiss Hepatitis Strategy (SHS) has targeted the elimination of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) in Switzerland. The epidemiology of HCV is diverse across Swiss cantons, therefore cantonal-level screening and treatment strategies should…
Impact of Expanding Hepatitis B Treatment Guidelines: A Modelling and Economic Impact Analysis
Summary Antiviral treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) may decrease the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and death. However, only 2.2% of CHB patients receive antiviral treatment globally. The complexity and strictness of…
Opportunistic co-screening for HCV and COVID-19-related services: A creative response with a need for thoughtful reflection
Summary At a time when hepatitis C virus clearance can be obtained by DAAs in almost all infected patients, global infection burden control is an objective within reach, even if achieving the WHO HCV elimination…
Ten Years Countdown to Hepatitis C Elimination in Belgium: A Mathematical Modeling Approach
Summary Chronic infection with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) remains a worldwide health problem. As a result, the World Health Organization (WHO) has set elimination targets by 2030. This study aims to examine the position…
Updated Epidemiology of Hepatitis C Virus Infections and Implications for Hepatitis C Virus Elimination in Germany
Summary In 2014, an analysis was conducted to evaluate the hepatitis C virus (HCV) epidemiology and disease burden in Germany. Since then, there have been considerable developments in HCV management such as the implementation of…
Polaris Observatory—Supporting Informed Decision-Making at the National, Regional, and Global Levels to Eliminate Viral Hepatitis
Summary Tools to eliminate Hepatitis B and C have been available and in 2016, the World Health Assembly endorsed the Global Health Sector Strategy for Viral Hepatitis. However, the adoption of hepatitis elimination programs has…
Global change in hepatitis C virus prevalence and cascade of care between 2015 and 2020: a modelling study
Summary Background Since the release of the first global hepatitis elimination targets in 2016, and until the COVID-19 pandemic started in early 2020, many countries and territories were making progress toward hepatitis C virus (HCV) elimination. This…
Progress towards achieving viral hepatitis B and C elimination in the Asia and Pacific region: Results from modelling and global reporting
Summary In 2016, Asia and Pacific countries endorsed action plans for reaching viral hepatitis elimination targets set in the Global Health Sector Strategy (GHSS) for Viral Hepatitis 2016-2021. We examine the region’s progress by modelling…
The global NAFLD policy review and preparedness index: Are countries ready to address this silent public health challenge?
Summary Background & aims Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a highly prevalent, yet largely underappreciated liver condition which is closely associated with obesity and metabolic disease. Despite affecting an estimated 1 in 4 adults…
HCV disease burden and population segments in Switzerland
Summary Background Switzerland has made strides towards hepatitis C virus elimination, but as of 2019, elimination was not guaranteed. However, political interest in viral hepatitis has been increasing. We sought to develop a better understanding…
Epidemiology, Natural History, and Outcomes of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: A Systematic Review of Population-based Studies
Summary Background & aims The aim of this study was to quantify the global epidemiology of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), alongside the incidence of liver transplantation, cancer, and death, through robust systematic review of population-based…
Lives saved with vaccination for 10 pathogens across 112 countries in a pre-COVID-19 world
Summary Background Vaccination is one of the most effective public health interventions. We investigate the impact of vaccination activities for Haemophilus influenzae type b, hepatitis B, human papillomavirus, Japanese encephalitis, measles, Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A, rotavirus, rubella, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and…
Hepatitis C elimination in Sweden: Progress, challenges and opportunities for growth in the time of COVID‐19
Summary Background & Aims In 2014, the burden of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in Sweden was evaluated, to establish a baseline and inform public health interventions. Considering the changing landscape of HCV treatment, prevention, and…
Estimating the health impact of vaccination against ten pathogens in 98 low-income and middle-income countries from 2000 to 2030: a modelling study
Summary Background The past two decades have seen expansion of childhood vaccination programmes in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We quantify the health impact of these programmes by estimating the deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs)…
Global prevalence of hepatitis C virus in women of childbearing age in 2019: a modelling study
Summary Background Treatment for infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) during pregnancy has not yet been approved; however, interventions specifically targeting women, especially those of childbearing age (15–49 years), could prevent vertical transmission and community…
Progress towards hepatitis C virus elimination in high-income countries: An updated analysis
Summary Background & aims Elimination of HCV by 2030, as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO), is attainable with the availability of highly efficacious therapies. This study reports progress made in the timing of…
The cost-effectiveness of hepatitis C virus elimination in low- and middle-income countries
Summary No abstract available. Countries/Territories: Low-income countries, Middle-income countries
Strategies to eliminate hepatitis C in Croatia, a modelling study
Summary Background Since a 2016 analysis on the epidemiology and disease burden of HCV in Croatia, the HCV treatment paradigm has shifted substantially. Fibrosis restrictions were removed, and the number of patients treated tripled. With…
A tool to measure the economic impact of Hepatitis B elimination: A case study in Saudi Arabia
Summary Background No virologic cure exists for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, and existing therapies are designed to control viral replication. We aimed to estimate the national prevalence of HBsAg in 2017 and study the…
The case for simplifying and using absolute targets for viral hepatitis elimination goals
Summary The 69th World Health Assembly endorsed the Global Health Sector Strategy for Viral Hepatitis, embracing a goal to eliminate hepatitis infection as a public health threat by 2030. This was followed by the World…
Progress Toward Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C Elimination Using a Catalytic Funding Model — Tashkent, Uzbekistan, December 6, 2019–March 15, 2020
Summary In 2016, the World Health Organization (WHO) set hepatitis elimination targets of 90% reduction in incidence and 65% reduction in mortality worldwide by 2030 (1). Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV)…
Modelling hepatitis B virus infection and impact of timely birth dose vaccine: A comparison of two simulation models
Summary Hepatitis B is a global epidemic that requires carefully orchestrated vaccination initiatives in geographical regions of medium to high endemicity to reach the World Health Organization’s elimination targets by 2030. This study compares two…
Impact of COVID-19 on global HCV elimination efforts
Summary Background & Aims Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has placed a significant strain on national healthcare systems at a critical moment in the context of hepatitis elimination. Mathematical models can be used to evaluate the…
The Hep-CORE policy score: A European hepatitis C national policy implementation ranking based on patient organization data
Summary Background New hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatments spurred the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2016 to adopt a strategy to eliminate HCV as a public health threat by 2030. To achieve this, key policies…
Do the most heavily burdened countries have the right policies to eliminate viral hepatitis B and C?
Summary Do the most heavily burdened countries have the right policies to eliminate viral hepatitis B and C? In 2019, a Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology Commission on accelerating the elimination of viral hepatitis reported on…
Tailored screening and dedicated funding for direct acting antiviral drugs: how to keep Italy on the road to hepatitis C virus elimination?
Summary Background and aims Hepatitis C virus (HCV) elimination for Italy is an ambitious, but achievable goal. In Italy, there is political will, which aims to achieve the World Health Organization (WHO) elimination goals recognizing…
Editorial: increasing burden of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-a call to action. Authors’ reply
Summary No abstract available. Countries: Singapore, South Korea
Global Epidemiology of Viral Hepatitis
Summary Viral hepatitis (hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E) is the leading cause of inflammation of liver tissue (hepatitis). The disease burden associated with hepatitis A and E occurs shortly after infection, and it…
Burden of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in Canada, 2019-2030: a modelling study
Summary Background Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) account for a growing proportion of liver disease cases, and there is a need to better understand future disease burden. We used a modelling…
Assessment of Treatment Strategies to Achieve Hepatitis C Elimination in Canada Using a Validated Model
Summary Importance Achievement of the World Health Organization (WHO) target of eliminating hepatitis C virus (HCV) by 2030 will require an increase in key services, including harm reduction, HCV screening, and HCV treatment initiatives in…
A tool to measure the impact of inaction toward elimination of hepatitis C: A case study in Korea
Summary Background and aims Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and its sequelae present a significant source of economic and societal burden. Introduction of highly effective curative therapies has made HCV elimination attainable. The study used a…
Optimization of hepatitis C virus screening strategies by birth cohort in Italy
Summary Optimization of hepatitis C virus screening strategies by birth cohort in Italy Background and Aims Cost-effective screening strategies are needed to make hepatitis C virus (HCV) elimination a reality. We determined if birth cohort…
A micro-elimination approach to addressing hepatitis C in Turkey
Summary Background In 2016, WHO passed the Global Health Sector Strategy on Viral Hepatitis (GHSS), calling for its elimination by 2030. Two years later, Turkey approved a strategy to reach the WHO targets. This study…
Modelling NAFLD disease burden in four Asian regions-2019-2030
Summary Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) account for an increasing proportion of liver disease in the Asia-Pacific region. Many areas in the region are experiencing epidemics of metabolic syndrome among…
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease burden: Australia, 2019-2030
Summary Background and Aim Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) account for a large and growing proportion of liver disease burden globally. The burden of NAFLD/NASH manifests in increasing levels of advanced…
Global prevalence of hepatitis C virus in children in 2018: a modelling study
Summary Background Hepatitis C virus (HCV) prevalence estimates for adults and high-risk groups have been widely published, but the disease burden in children is poorly understood. Direct-acting antiviral drugs, which are considered to be highly…
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease burden – Switzerland 2018-2030
Summary As a result of epidemic levels of obesity and diabetes mellitus, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) will contribute to increases in the liver-related disease burden in Switzerland. A Markov model…
Hepatitis C disease burden and strategies for elimination by 2030 in Brazil. A mathematical modeling approach
Summary Introduction and aim Hepatitis C is a key challenge to public health in Brazil. The objective of this paper was to describe the Brazilian strategy for hepatitis C to meet the 2030 elimination goal proposed…
Australia on track to achieve WHO HCV elimination targets following rapid initial DAA treatment uptake – a modeling study
Summary Subsidized direct-acting antiviral (DAA) treatment recently became available to all adults living with chronic hepatitis C (HCV) in Australia. Based on rapid uptake (32,600 people initiated DAA in 2016) we estimated the impact on…
The hepatitis B epidemic and the urgent need for cure preparedness
Summary More than 250 million people worldwide are chronically infected with the hepatitis B virus (HBV). In this Comment, members of the International Coalition to Eliminate HBV appraise the current policy environment and the need…
Global, regional, and country-level estimates of hepatitis C virus infection among people who have recently injected drugs
Summary Background and Aims People who have recently injected drugs are a priority population in efforts to achieve hepatitis C virus (HCV) elimination. This study estimated the prevalence and number of people with recent injecting…
HCV elimination among people who inject drugs. Modelling pre- and post-WHO elimination era
Summary Background Elimination of hepatitis C virus (HCV) among people who inject drugs (PWID) is a costly investment, so strategies should not only focus on eliminating the disease, but also on preventing disease resurgence. The…
Forecasting Hepatitis C liver disease burden on real life data. Does the hidden iceberg matter to reach the elimination goals?
Summary Background & Aims Advances in direct acting anti-viral treatment of HCV have reinvigorated public health initiatives aimed at identifying affected individuals. We evaluated the possible impact of only diagnosed and linked-to-care individuals on overall…
Modeling the epidemiological landscape of chronic hepatitis C in a sub-Saharan African country – what is needed to achieve elimination by 2030 in Burundi
Summary Background Chronic Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an increasing threat to international public health, as it can have severe impacts on morbidity and mortality. Burundi has done little to address the hepatitis C burden…
Disease burden of hepatitis C in the Austrian state of Tyrol – Epidemiological data and model analysis to achieve elimination by 2030
Summary Background In 2016, the World Health Organization (WHO) and 69th World Health Assembly approved the first global health sector strategy (GHSS) on viral hepatitis with the goal to eliminate hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections…
The Micro-Elimination Approach to Eliminating Hepatitis C: Strategic and Operational Considerations
Summary The introduction of efficacious new hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatments galvanized the World Health Organization to define ambitious targets for eliminating HCV as a public health threat by 2030. Formidable obstacles to reaching this…
Modeling NAFLD disease burden in China, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Spain, United Kingdom, and United States for the period 2016–2030
Summary Background & Aims Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are increasingly a cause of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma globally. This burden is expected to increase as epidemics of obesity, diabetes and…
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease burden – Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates, 2017–2030
Summary Background/Aim Due to epidemic levels of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and resulting nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) will be driving factors in liver diseaseburden in the coming years…
Global prevalence, treatment, and prevention of hepatitis B virus infection in 2016: a modelling study
Summary Collaborators Polaris Observatory Collaborators: Devin Razavi-Shearer, Ivane Gamkrelidze, Mindie H Nguyen, Ding-Shinn Chen, Pierre Van Damme, Zaigham Abbas, Maheeba Abdulla, Antoine Abou Rached, Danjuma Adda, Inka Aho, Ulus Akarca, Fuad Hasan, Faryal Al Lawati, Khalid Al Naamani, Hamad Ibrahim Al-Ashgar, Seyed M Alavian, Sameer Alawadhi, Agustin Albillos, Said A Al-Busafi, Soo Aleman, Faleh Z Alfaleh, Abdulrahman…
Hepatitis C: The beginning of the end—key elements for successful European and national strategies to eliminate HCV in Europe
Summary Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major public health problem in the European Union (EU). An estimated 5.6 million Europeans are chronically infected with a wide range of variation in prevalence across European…
The investment case for hepatitis B and C in South Africa: adaptation and innovation in policy analysis for disease program scale-up
Summary Even though WHO has approved global goals for hepatitis elimination, most countries have yet to establish programs for hepatitis B and C, which account for 320 million infections and over a million deaths annually….
Modeling the epidemic of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease demonstrates an exponential increase in burden of disease
Summary Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and resulting nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are highly prevalent in the United States, where they are a growing cause of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and increasingly an indicator for…
Hepatitis C virus dynamics among intravenous drug users suggest that an annual treatment uptake above 10% would eliminate the disease by 2030
Summary Background and Aims In Switzerland, the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) among people who inject drugs (PWID) has been decreasing owing to active harm reduction efforts and an aging population. Recent advances in…
Hepatitis C virus dynamics among intravenous drug users suggest that an annual treatment uptake above 10% would eliminate the disease by 2030
Summary Background and Aims In Switzerland, the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) among people who inject drugs (PWID) has been decreasing owing to active harm reduction efforts and an aging population. Recent advances in…
Strategies to manage hepatitis C virus infection disease burden—Volume 4
Summary The hepatitis C virus (HCV) epidemic was forecasted through 2030 for 17 countries in Africa, Asia, Europe, Latin America and the Middle East, and interventions for achieving the Global Health Sector Strategy on viral…
The present and future disease burden of hepatitis C virus infections with today’s treatment paradigm: Volume 4
Summary Factors influencing the morbidity and mortality associated with viremic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection change over time and place, making it difficult to compare reported estimates. Models were developed for 17 countries (Bahrain, Bulgaria,…
Historical epidemiology of hepatitis C virus in select countries-volume 4
Summary Due to the introduction of newer, more efficacious treatment options, there is a pressing need for policy makers and public health officials to develop or adapt national hepatitis C virus (HCV) control strategies to…
Estimating HCV disease burden-volume 4 (editorial)
Summary Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major global public health issue, with an estimated 71 million people living with HCV infection and a rising burden of cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and liver-related mortality. The…
Scenarios to manage the hepatitis C disease burden and associated economic impact of treatment in Turkey
Summary Background Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a significant health problem. The aim of this study is to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of HCV treatment and estimate its economic burden in Turkey. Methods An Excel-based…
Colorado Prevalence and Incidence of Hepatitis C Virus Infection: A Modeling Study
Summary Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a contagious liver disease that mainly spreads through contact with blood and can range in severity from a mild illness that clears on its own to a serious,…
Prevalence of non-infectious comorbidities in the HIV-positive population in Belgium: a multicenter, retrospective study
Summary Objectives In Belgium, eleven AIDS Reference Centers (ARCs) and seven AIDS Reference Laboratories diagnose and treat HIV-positive individuals and track patients under care. As AIDS-related deaths are avoided and the HIV-positive population ages, non-infectious…
Estimates of the coverage of diagnosis and treatment for HBV and HCV infection, by WHO region and income group, 2015
Summary In May 2016, the World Health Assembly endorsed the Global Health Sector Strategy (GHSS) on viral hepatitis 2016–2021. The GHSS calls for the elimination of viral hepatitis as a public health threat by 2030 (reducing…
A National Strategy for the Elimination of Hepatitis B and C: Phase Two Report
Summary Hepatitis B and C cause most cases of hepatitis in the United States and the world. The two diseases account for about a million deaths a year and 78 percent of world’s hepatocellular carcinoma…
Hepatitis C virus prevalence and level of intervention required to achieve the WHO targets for elimination in the European Union by 2030: a modelling study
Summary Collaborators European Union HCV Collaborators: Homie Razavi, Sarah Robbins, Stefan Zeuzem, Francesco Negro, Maria Buti, Ann-Sofi Duberg, Françoise Roudot-Thoraval, Antonio Craxi, Michael Manns, Rui T Marinho, Bela Hunyady, Massimo Colombo, Soo Aleman, Krasimir Antonov, Perttu Arkkila, Kostas Athanasakis, Sarah Blach, Martin Blachier, Antonio J Blasco, Filipe Calinas, Jose L Calleja, Peer B Christensen, Matthew E Cramp, Esther Croes, Robert…
Hepatitis C virus infection
Summary Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a hepatotropic RNA virus that causes progressive liver damage, which might result in liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Globally, between 64 and 103 million people are chronically infected. Major…
Elimination of hepatitis C in Spain: Adaptation of a mathematical model based on the public health strategic plan for addressing hepatitis C in the National Health System
Summary No abstract available. Countries: Spain
Chronic hepatitis C burden and care cascade in Australia in the era of interferon-based treatment
Summary Background and aim Interferon-free direct-acting antiviral regimens for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection have been recently available in Australia, beginning a new era in clinical and public health management of HCV infection. This study…
Hepatitis B and C in the Spotlight: A public health response in the Americas: 2016
Summary This past May 2016, the World Health Organization (WHO) Member States endorsed the first “Global Health Sector Strategy on Viral Hepatitis 2016-2021” at the 69th World Health Assembly. This strategy will contribute to the…
Global prevalence and genotype distribution of hepatitis C virus infection in 2015: a modelling study
Summary Collaborators Polaris Observatory HCV Collaborators: Sarah Blach, Stefan Zeuzem, Michael Manns, Ibrahim Altraif, Ann-Sofi Duberg, David H Muljono, Imam Waked, Seyed M Alavian, Mei-Hsuan Lee, Francesco Negro, Faisal Abaalkhail, Ahmed Abdou, Maheeba Abdulla, Antoine Abou Rached, Inka Aho, Ulus Akarca, Imad Al Ghazzawi, Saad Al Kaabi, Faryal Al Lawati, Khalid Al Namaani, Youssif Al Serkal, Said…
Historical Trends in the Hepatitis C Virus Epidemics in North America and Australia
Summary Background Bayesian evolutionary analysis (coalescent analysis) based on genetic sequences has been used to describe the origins and spread of rapidly mutating RNA viruses, such as influenza, Ebola, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and hepatitis…
Global genotype distribution of hepatitis C viral infection among people who inject drugs
Summary Hepatitis C viral infection after injection drug use is very prevalent. The most important genotype causing HCV infection in PWID globally is genotype 1, as is the case in the general population, but also…
Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) burden in Rhode Island: modelling treatment scale-up and elimination
Summary We utilized a disease progression model to predict the number of viraemic infections, cirrhotic cases, and liver-related deaths in the state of Rhode Island (RI) under four treatment scenarios: (1) current HCV treatment paradigm…
Is elimination of HCV possible in a country with low diagnostic rate and moderate HCV prevalence?: The case of Greece
Summary Background & Aim The treatment of hepatitis C (HCV) with interferon (IFN)-free Direct-Acting Antivirals (DAAs) is anticipated to change the future burden of disease. Aim of this study is to quantify the impact of…
Epidemiology, disease burden, and treatment strategies of chronic hepatitis C virus infections in Saudi Arabia in the new treatment paradigm shift
Summary Background/Aims Around 101,000 individuals are estimated to be viremic for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) in 2014; however, only about 20% have been diagnosed. We aim to…
Urgent action to fight hepatitis C in people who inject drugs in Europe
Summary Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a leading cause of liver cirrhosis and liver cancer, is curable in most people. Injecting drug use currently accounts for 80 % of new HCV infections with a…
Liver Disease Burden of Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Iran and the Potential Impact of Various Treatment Strategies on the Disease Burden
Summary Background Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is emerging as the leading cause of viral hepatitis-related liver disease in Iran. Objectives This study estimated the current and future disease burden of HCV infection in…
Mitigating the burden of hepatitis C virus among people who inject drugs in Belgium
Summary Background and Aims In 2010, there were an estimated 10 100 PWID in Belgium and 43% (34%-57%) were HCV infected. Understanding HCV transmission dynamics in high-risk populations and assessing the potential impact of improved…
Hepatitis C virus infection in Argentina: Burden of chronic disease
Summary Aim To estimate the progression of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) epidemic and measure the burden of HCV-related morbidity and mortality. Methods Age- and gender-defined cohorts were used to follow the viremic population in…
Mitigating the burden of hepatitis C virus among people who inject drugs in Belgium
Summary Background and aims In 2010, there were an estimated 10 100 PWID in Belgium and 43% (34%-57%) were HCV infected. Understanding HCV transmission dynamics in high-risk populations and assessing the potential impact of improved…
Achieving WHO recommendations for Hepatitis C Virus Elimination in Belgium
Summary Background The World Health Organization (WHO) released updated guidelines for the screening, care and treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Methods A previously described HCV disease burden model was used…
Prevalence and burden of HCV co-infection in people living with HIV: a global systematic review and meta-analysis
Summary Background At global level, there are 37 million people infected with HIV and 115 million people with antibodies to hepatitis C virus (HCV). Little is known about the extent of HIV–HCV co-infection. We sought…
Strategies to manage hepatitis C virus infection disease burden – volume 3
Summary The hepatitis C virus (HCV) epidemic was forecasted through 2030 for 15 countries in Europe, the Middle East and Asia, and the relative impact of two scenarios was considered: increased treatment efficacy while holding…
The present and future disease burden of hepatitis C virus infections with today’s treatment paradigm – volume 3
Summary The total number, morbidity and mortality attributed to viraemic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections change over time making it difficult to compare reported estimates from different years. Models were developed for 15 countries to…
Historical epidemiology of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in select countries – volume 3
Summary Detailed, country-specific epidemiological data are needed to characterize the burden of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection around the world. With new treatment options available, policy makers and public health officials must reconsider national…
Estimating HCV disease burden – volume 3 (editorial)
Summary No abstract available. Countries: Estonia, Hungary, Iceland, Indonesia, Iran, Japan, Latvia, Lebanon, Lithuania, Pakistan, Romania, Saudi Arabia, Slovenia, South Korea, United Arab Emirates
Birth cohort distribution and screening for viraemic hepatitis C virus infections in Switzerland
Summary Objective In Switzerland, fewer than 40% of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infected individuals have been diagnosed. The aim of this project was to analyse the distribution of HCV cases in order to develop better…
The estimated future disease burden of hepatitis C virus in the Netherlands with different treatment paradigms
Summary Background & Aims Prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in the Netherlands is low (anti-HCV prevalence 0.22%). All-oral treatment with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) is tolerable and effective but expensive. Our analysis projected the…
Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks in 188 countries, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013
Summary Background The Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor study 2013 (GBD 2013) is the first of a series of annual updates of the GBD. Risk factor quantification, particularly of modifiable risk factors,…
Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 306 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 188 countries, 1990-2013: quantifying the epidemiological transition
Summary Background The Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 (GBD 2013) aims to bring together all available epidemiological data using a coherent measurement framework, standardised estimation methods, and transparent data sources to enable comparisons of…
Interferon-based hepatitis C antiviral treatment outcomes may be predicted by alanine aminotransferase levels
Summary On-therapy decline or normalization of liver enzyme levels is often observed following initiation of interferon-based hepatitis C virus (HCV) antiviral treatment and may reflect response to therapy and decreasing HCV RNA levels (1,2). On-treatment…
Economic burden of hepatitis C in Egypt: the future impact of highly effective therapies
Summary Background The prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in Egypt is the highest in the world, yet the total economic burden has not been quantified. Improved understanding of costs and the impact of…
Modeling the Health and Economic Burden of Hepatitis C Virus in Switzerland
Summary Background Chronic hepatitis C virus infection is a major cause of liver disease in Switzerland and carries a significant cost burden. Currently, only conservative strategies are in place to mitigate the burden of hepatitis…
The Disease Burden of Hepatitis C in Belgium: An update of a realistic disease control strategy
Summary Background This manuscript serves as an update to position papers published in 2014 based on the available Belgian hepatitis C virus (HCV) epidemiological data. Methods Building on the current standard of care (2015: 900…
Disease burden of chronic hepatitis C in Brazil
Summary Background Hepatitis C virus infection is a major cause of cirrhosis; hepatocellular carcinoma; and liver transplantation. The aim of this study was to estimate hepatitis C virus disease progression and the burden of disease…
HCV-infected patients need access now to new direct-acting antiviral agents to avert liver- related deaths
Summary No abstract available. Countries: Australia
Forecasting the disease burden of chronic hepatitis C virus in Poland
Summary Background and Aims Chronic hepatitis C virus infection is prevalent among 200,000 individuals in Poland; however, few are aware of their condition (30,000 diagnosed) and even fewer are treated (2490 in 2014). This analysis…
Strategies to manage hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection disease burden – volume 2
Summary The hepatitis C virus (HCV) epidemic was forecasted through 2030 for 15 countries, and the relative impact of two scenarios was considered: (i) increased treatment efficacy while holding the treated population constant and (ii)…
The present and future disease burden of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections with today’s treatment paradigm – volume 2
Summary Morbidity and mortality attributable to chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are increasing in many countries as the infected population ages. Models were developed for 15 countries to quantify and characterize the viremic population,…
Historical epidemiology of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in select countries – volume 2
Summary Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a leading cause of liver related morbidity and mortality. In many countries, there is a lack of comprehensive epidemiological data that are crucial in implementing disease control…
Estimates on HCV disease burden worldwide – filling the gaps
Summary Hepatitis C is caused by infection with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) and represents a major global health burden. Persistent HCV infection can lead to progressive liver disease with the development of liver cirrhosis…
Impact of improved treatment on disease burden of chronic hepatitis C in New Zealand
Summary Background Chronic hepatitis C is an important cause of liver failure, liver cancer and liver-related deaths in New Zealand. Although these complications can be prevented by HCV eradication, current treatment uptake is <1% per…
The future disease burden of hepatitis C virus infection in Sweden and the impact of different treatment strategies
Summary Objective Recently, new highly effective direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) against hepatitis C virus (HCV) were introduced. Whether these will alleviate the anticipated increase of liver disease burden in Sweden is unknown, partly because high costs…
Response to letter to the editor: Strategies to reduce HCV disease burden and HCV transmission need different models, as what works for end‐stage liver disease may not work for HCV prevalence: a comment on the results presented in JVH Special Issue
Summary No abstract available. Countries: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, England, France, Germany, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey
Modelling the impact of improving screening and treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus infection on future hepatocellular carcinoma rates and liver-related mortality
Summary Background The societal, clinical and economic burden imposed by the complications of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection – including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) – is expected to increase over the coming decades….
Enhanced antiviral treatment efficacy and uptake in preventing the rising burden of hepatitis C-related liver disease and costs in Australia
Summary Background and aim Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is an important cause of advanced liver disease and liver-related deaths in Australia. Our aim was to describe the burden of HCV infection and consider…
Global epidemiology and genotype distribution of the hepatitis C virus infection
Summary The treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has the potential to change significantly over the next few years as therapeutic regimens are rapidly evolving. However, the burden of chronic infection has not…
Global, regional, and national incidence and mortality for HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria during 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013
Summary Emerging data indicate that all-oral antiviral treatments for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) will become a reality in the near future. In replacing interferon-based therapies, all-oral regimens are expected to be more tolerable, more…
Health policy model: long-term predictive results associated with the management of hepatitis C virus-induced diseases in Italy
Summary Background At present, there are no specific nationwide epidemiological studies representing the whole Italian population. This study is aimed at describing the epidemiological and economic burden that HCV will generate in the next few…
The current and future disease burden of chronic hepatitis C virus infection in Egypt
Summary No abstract available. Countries: Egypt
Current and future health and economic impact of hepatitis C in Belgium
Summary Background and Study Aims Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a serious global health problem affecting 150 million individuals worldwide. Although infection rates are decreasing, an aging population with progressing disease is expected…
The disease burden of hepatitis C in Belgium: development of a realistic disease control strategy
Summary Background Novel direct antiviral agents (DAAs) will become available soon with higher sustained viral response (SVR), fewer side-effects and higher compliance. Our aim was to evaluate different realistic strategies to control the projected increase…
Hepatitis C epidemiology in Belgium
Summary Background The burden of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is significant and is increasing with the aging population. The results of a modeling study that included Belgium, along with many other countries, was published…
Innovative strategies for hepatitis C in Belgium integrating treatment efficacy, public disease burden, and healthcare costs
Summary No abstract available. Countries: Belgium
Burden of disease and cost of chronic hepatitis C infection in Canada
Summary Background Chronic infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and liver transplantation. Objective To estimate the burden of HCV-related disease and costs from a Canadian perspective. Methods…
Strategies to manage hepatitis C virus (HCV) disease burden
Summary The number of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections is projected to decline while those with advanced liver disease will increase. A modeling approach was used to forecast two treatment scenarios: (i) the impact of…
The present and future disease burden of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection with today’s treatment paradigm
Summary The disease burden of hepatitis C virus (HCV) is expected to increase as the infected population ages. A modeling approach was used to estimate the total number of viremic infections, diagnosed, treated and new…
Historical epidemiology of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in selected countries
Summary Chronic infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a leading indicator for liver disease. New treatment options are becoming available, and there is a need to characterize the epidemiology and disease burden of HCV….
Hepatitis C disease burden and strategies to manage the burden (Guest Editors Mark Thursz, Gregory Dore and John Ward)
Summary Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection leads to liver fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The recent Global Burden of Disease project estimated that in 2010 among 170 million people living with chronic HCV,…
The new paradigm of hepatitis C therapy: integration of oral therapies into best practices
Summary Collaborators New Paradigm of HCV Therapy Meeting Participants: Nezam H Afdhal, Rachel Baden, Cynthia Beam, Julie Krop, Clifford Brass, David Brumley, Laurent Castera, Daniel Church, Alfred DeMaria Jr, Kevin Cranston, Lynda Dee, Arnold Doyle, Julia Engstrom-Melnyk, Michael Fried, Camilla Graham, Michael Wong, William Guyer, John G McHutchison, Joe Steele, William Symonds, Ira M Jacobson, Alain Litwin, Anthony…
Hepatitis C medicines and diagnostics in the context of HIV/HCV co-infection: A scoping report
Summary The UNITAID 2013-2016 Strategy includes the treatment of HIV/AIDS and co-infections as one of six strategic objectives. This scoping report focuses on issues, challenges and opportunities related to one of the most important HIV…
The state of US health, 1990-2010: burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors
Summary Importance Understanding the major health problems in the United States and how they are changing over time is critical for informing national health policy. Objectives To measure the burden of diseases, injuries, and leading…
Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) disease burden and cost in the United States
Summary Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a leading cause of cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver transplantation. A better understanding of HCV disease progression and the associated cost can help the medical community manage HCV…
HCV infection prevalence in a population recruited at health centers in Jordan
Summary Background Jordan lacks statistical data regarding prevalence of HCV. Aim To determine the prevalence of HCV in selected areas of Jordan (north, middle and south of Jordan). Methods A random sample of 700 patients…
Years lived with disability (YLDs) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010
Summary Background Non-fatal health outcomes from diseases and injuries are a crucial consideration in the promotion and monitoring of individual and population health. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) studies done in 1990 and 2000…
A comparative risk assessment of burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions, 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010
Summary Background Quantification of the disease burden caused by different risks informs prevention by providing an account of health loss different to that provided by a disease-by-disease analysis. No complete revision of global disease burden…
Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 291 diseases and injuries in 21 regions, 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010
Summary Background Measuring disease and injury burden in populations requires a composite metric that captures both premature mortality and the prevalence and severity of ill-health. The 1990 Global Burden of Disease study proposed disability-adjusted life…
Economic burden of hepatitis C-associated diseases: Europe, Asia Pacific, and the Americas
Summary Background Globally, hepatitis C virus (HCV) infects ~3% of the population. The objective of this study was to review published work and determine the direct medical costs for diseases associated with HCV infection globally,…
Economic burden of hepatitis C-associated diseases in the United States
Summary There are approximately 100 drugs in development to treat hepatitis C. Over the next decade, a number of new therapies will become available. A good understanding of the cost of hepatitis C sequelae is…
Applying a system approach to forecast the total hepatitis C virus-infected population size: model validation using US data
Summary Background Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with chronic progressive liver disease. Its global epidemiology is still not well ascertained and its impact will be confronted with a higher burden in the next…
The global health burden of hepatitis C virus infection
Summary No abstract available. Countries: Brazil, Argentina, Puerto Rico, Mexico, United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Germany, Switzerland, Sweden, Greece, France, Spain, Italy, Romania, Russia, China, Japan, Taiwan, Vietnam, Thailand, Australia, India, Pakistan, Israel, Saudi Arabia,…
A systematic review of hepatitis C virus epidemiology in Asia, Australia and Egypt
Summary Background The hepatitis C pandemic has been systematically studied and characterized in North America and Europe, but this important public health problem has not received equivalent attention in other regions. Aim The objective of…
A systematic review of hepatitis C virus epidemiology in Europe, Canada and Israel
Summary Background and Aim Decisions on public health issues are dependent on reliable epidemiological data. A comprehensive review of the literature was used to gather country-specific data on risk factors, prevalence, number of diagnosed individuals…
Trends and projections of hepatitis C virus epidemiology in Latin America
Summary Background and aim The purpose of the present investigation is to provide an analysis of previous works on the epidemiology of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection from six countries throughout Latin America, to…
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