{"id":3058,"date":"2012-12-15T22:44:00","date_gmt":"2012-12-15T22:44:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cdafound.org\/?p=3058"},"modified":"2025-01-16T19:49:49","modified_gmt":"2025-01-16T19:49:49","slug":"years-lived-with-disability-ylds-for-1160-sequelae-of-289-diseases-and-injuries-1990-2010-a-systematic-analysis-for-the-global-burden-of-disease-study-2010","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cdafound.org\/es\/years-lived-with-disability-ylds-for-1160-sequelae-of-289-diseases-and-injuries-1990-2010-a-systematic-analysis-for-the-global-burden-of-disease-study-2010\/","title":{"rendered":"A\u00f1os vividos con discapacidad (AVD) por 1160 secuelas de 289 enfermedades y lesiones 1990-2010: un an\u00e1lisis sistem\u00e1tico para el Estudio de la carga mundial de enfermedades 2010"},"content":{"rendered":"

Resumen<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Fondo <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Los resultados sanitarios no mortales de enfermedades y lesiones son una consideraci\u00f3n fundamental en la promoci\u00f3n y el seguimiento de la salud de las personas y la poblaci\u00f3n. Los estudios de Carga Global de Enfermedad (GBD) realizados en 1990 y 2000 han sido los \u00fanicos estudios para cuantificar los resultados de salud no mortales en un conjunto exhaustivo de trastornos a nivel mundial y regional. Ning\u00fan esfuerzo cuantific\u00f3 la incertidumbre en la prevalencia o los a\u00f1os vividos con discapacidad (AVD). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00e9todos <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

De las 291 enfermedades y lesiones en la lista de causas GBD, 289 causan discapacidad. Para 1160 secuelas de 289 enfermedades y lesiones, realizamos un an\u00e1lisis sistem\u00e1tico de prevalencia, incidencia, remisi\u00f3n, duraci\u00f3n y exceso de mortalidad. Las fuentes incluyeron estudios publicados, notificaci\u00f3n de casos, registros de c\u00e1ncer basados en la poblaci\u00f3n, otros registros de enfermedades, vigilancia serol\u00f3gica cl\u00ednica prenatal, datos de alta hospitalaria, datos de atenci\u00f3n ambulatoria, encuestas de hogares, otras encuestas y estudios de cohortes. Para la mayor\u00eda de las secuelas, utilizamos un m\u00e9todo de metarregresi\u00f3n bayesiano, DisMod-MR, dise\u00f1ado para abordar las limitaciones clave en los datos epidemiol\u00f3gicos descriptivos, incluidos los datos faltantes, la inconsistencia y la gran variaci\u00f3n metodol\u00f3gica entre las fuentes de datos. Para algunos trastornos, utilizamos modelos de historia natural, modelos geoespaciales, modelos de retroc\u00e1lculo (modelos que calculan la incidencia a partir de las tasas de mortalidad de la poblaci\u00f3n y letalidad) o modelos de compleci\u00f3n del registro (modelos que se ajustan al registro incompleto con acceso al sistema de salud y otras covariables). Se utilizaron ponderaciones de discapacidad para 220 estados de salud \u00fanicos para capturar la gravedad de la p\u00e9rdida de salud. Los AVD por causa en niveles de edad, sexo, pa\u00eds y a\u00f1o se ajustaron por comorbilidad con m\u00e9todos de simulaci\u00f3n. Incluimos estimaciones de incertidumbre en todas las etapas del an\u00e1lisis. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Recomendaciones <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

La prevalencia mundial para todas las edades combinada en 2010 entre las 1160 secuelas vari\u00f3 desde menos de un caso por cada mill\u00f3n de personas hasta 350 000 casos por cada mill\u00f3n de personas. La prevalencia y la gravedad de la p\u00e9rdida de salud se correlacionaron d\u00e9bilmente (coeficiente de correlaci\u00f3n \u20130,37). En 2010, hubo 777 millones de AVD por todas las causas, frente a 583 millones en 1990. Los principales contribuyentes a los AVD mundiales fueron los trastornos mentales y del comportamiento, los trastornos musculoesquel\u00e9ticos y la diabetes o enfermedades endocrinas. Las principales causas espec\u00edficas de AVD fueron muy parecidas en 2010 a las de 1990: lumbalgia, trastorno depresivo mayor, anemia por deficiencia de hierro, dolor de cuello, enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva cr\u00f3nica, trastornos de ansiedad, migra\u00f1a, diabetes y ca\u00eddas. La prevalencia espec\u00edfica por edad de los AVD aument\u00f3 con la edad en todas las regiones y disminuy\u00f3 ligeramente entre 1990 y 2010. Los patrones regionales de las principales causas de AVD fueron m\u00e1s similares en comparaci\u00f3n con los a\u00f1os de vida perdidos debido a la mortalidad prematura. Las enfermedades tropicales desatendidas, el VIH \/ SIDA, la tuberculosis, la malaria y la anemia fueron causas importantes de APD en el \u00c1frica subsahariana. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Interpretaci\u00f3n <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Las tasas de AVD por 100 000 personas se han mantenido pr\u00e1cticamente constantes a lo largo del tiempo, pero aumentan de manera constante con la edad. El crecimiento y el envejecimiento de la poblaci\u00f3n han aumentado las cifras de YLD y las tasas brutas en las \u00faltimas dos d\u00e9cadas. La prevalencia de las causas m\u00e1s comunes de AVD, como los trastornos mentales y del comportamiento y los trastornos musculoesquel\u00e9ticos, no ha disminuido. Los sistemas de salud deber\u00e1n abordar las necesidades del creciente n\u00famero de personas con una variedad de trastornos que en gran medida causan discapacidad pero no mortalidad. La cuantificaci\u00f3n de la carga de los resultados de salud no mortales ser\u00e1 fundamental para comprender qu\u00e9 tan bien los sistemas de salud est\u00e1n respondiendo a estos desaf\u00edos. Las estrategias eficaces y asequibles para hacer frente a esta carga creciente son una prioridad urgente para los sistemas de salud en la mayor parte del mundo.<\/p>\n\n

\n
Lea el informe completo<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Summary Background Non-fatal health outcomes from diseases and injuries are a crucial consideration in the promotion and monitoring of individual and population health. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) studies done in 1990 and 2000 have been the only studies to quantify non-fatal health outcomes across an exhaustive set of disorders at the global and 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