{"id":3053,"date":"2012-12-15T22:30:00","date_gmt":"2012-12-15T22:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cdafound.org\/?p=3053"},"modified":"2025-01-16T20:12:20","modified_gmt":"2025-01-16T20:12:20","slug":"disability-adjusted-life-years-dalys-for-291-diseases-and-injuries-in-21-regions-1990-2010-a-systematic-analysis-for-the-global-burden-of-disease-study-2010","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cdafound.org\/es\/disability-adjusted-life-years-dalys-for-291-diseases-and-injuries-in-21-regions-1990-2010-a-systematic-analysis-for-the-global-burden-of-disease-study-2010\/","title":{"rendered":"A\u00f1os de vida ajustados por discapacidad (AVAD) para 291 enfermedades y lesiones en 21 regiones, 1990-2010: un an\u00e1lisis sistem\u00e1tico para el Estudio de la carga mundial de enfermedades 2010"},"content":{"rendered":"

Resumen<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Fondo <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

La medici\u00f3n de la carga de enfermedades y lesiones en las poblaciones requiere una m\u00e9trica compuesta que capture tanto la mortalidad prematura como la prevalencia y gravedad de la mala salud. El estudio de 1990 Global Burden of Disease propuso a\u00f1os de vida ajustados por discapacidad (AVAD) para medir la carga de enfermedad. Desde el estudio de 1990 no se ha realizado una actualizaci\u00f3n completa de la carga de morbilidad en todo el mundo que incorpore una reevaluaci\u00f3n sistem\u00e1tica de la epidemiolog\u00eda espec\u00edfica de la enfermedad y la lesi\u00f3n. Nuestro objetivo fue calcular la carga de morbilidad en todo el mundo y para 21 regiones para 1990, 2005 y 2010 con m\u00e9todos para permitir comparaciones significativas a lo largo del tiempo. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00e9todos <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Calculamos los AVAD como la suma de los a\u00f1os de vida perdidos (AVP) y los a\u00f1os vividos con discapacidad (AVD). Los AVAD se calcularon para 291 causas, 20 grupos de edad, ambos sexos y para 187 pa\u00edses, y se agregaron a estimaciones regionales y mundiales de la carga de morbilidad para tres puntos en el tiempo con definiciones y m\u00e9todos estrictamente comparables. Los AVP se calcularon a partir de estimaciones espec\u00edficas de mortalidad por edad, sexo, pa\u00eds y tiempo por causa, con la muerte seg\u00fan la esperanza de vida perdida estandarizada en cada edad. Los AVD se calcularon como la prevalencia de 1160 secuelas discapacitantes, por edad, sexo y causa, y se ponderaron seg\u00fan las nuevas ponderaciones de discapacidad para cada estado de salud. Ni los YLL ni los YLD fueron ponderados por edad o descontados. La incertidumbre en torno a los AVAD por causas espec\u00edficas se calcul\u00f3 incorporando la incertidumbre en los niveles de mortalidad por todas las causas, mortalidad por causas espec\u00edficas, prevalencia y ponderaciones de discapacidad. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Recomendaciones <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Los AVAD globales se mantuvieron estables desde 1990 (2.503 mil millones) hasta 2010 (2.490 mil millones). Los AVAD brutos por 1000 disminuyeron en 23% (472 por 1000 a 361 por 1000). Se ha producido un cambio importante en la composici\u00f3n de AVAD con la contribuci\u00f3n de las muertes y la discapacidad entre los ni\u00f1os (menores de 5 a\u00f1os) disminuyendo de 41% de AVAD globales en 1990 a 25% en 2010. Los AVP suelen representar aproximadamente la mitad de la carga de morbilidad en los pa\u00edses m\u00e1s desarrollados. regiones (Asia Pac\u00edfico de ingresos altos, Europa occidental, Am\u00e9rica del Norte de ingresos altos y Australasia), aumentando a m\u00e1s del 80% de AVAD en \u00c1frica subsahariana. En 1990, 47% de AVAD en todo el mundo se debieron a trastornos transmisibles, maternos, neonatales y nutricionales, 43% a enfermedades no transmisibles y 10% a lesiones. Para 2010, esto se hab\u00eda cambiado a 35%, 54% y 11%, respectivamente. La cardiopat\u00eda isqu\u00e9mica fue la principal causa de AVAD en todo el mundo en 2010 (desde el cuarto rango en 1990, aumentando en 29%), seguida de las infecciones de las v\u00edas respiratorias inferiores (rango superior en 1990; disminuci\u00f3n de 44% en AVAD), accidente cerebrovascular (quinto en 1990; aumento de 19%). ), enfermedades diarreicas (segundo en 1990; disminuci\u00f3n de 51%) y VIH \/ SIDA (33 \u00b0 en 1990; aumento de 351%). El trastorno depresivo mayor aument\u00f3 del rango 15 al 11 (aumento de 37%) y los traumatismos causados por la carretera del rango 12 al 10 (aumento de 34%). Existe una heterogeneidad sustancial en las clasificaciones de las principales causas de carga de morbilidad entre las regiones. Interpretaci\u00f3n La carga mundial de morbilidad ha continuado desplaz\u00e1ndose de las enfermedades transmisibles a las no transmisibles y de la muerte prematura a los a\u00f1os vividos con discapacidad. En \u00c1frica subsahariana, sin embargo, muchos trastornos transmisibles, maternos, neonatales y nutricionales siguen siendo las causas dominantes de la carga de morbilidad. La creciente carga de los trastornos mentales y del comportamiento, los trastornos musculoesquel\u00e9ticos y la diabetes impondr\u00e1 nuevos desaf\u00edos a los sistemas de salud. La heterogeneidad regional destaca la importancia de comprender la carga local de morbilidad y establecer objetivos y metas para la agenda post-2015 teniendo en cuenta esos patrones. Debido a la mejora de las definiciones, los m\u00e9todos y los datos, estos resultados de 1990 y 2010 reemplazan todos los resultados de la Carga Global de Enfermedad publicados anteriormente.<\/p>\n\n

\n
Lea el informe completo<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Summary Background Measuring disease and injury burden in populations requires a composite metric that captures both premature mortality and the prevalence and severity of ill-health. The 1990 Global Burden of Disease study proposed disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) to measure disease burden. No comprehensive update of disease burden worldwide incorporating a systematic reassessment of disease and 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